Many cognitive training programs have been shown to improve cognitive abilities ( Diamond and Lee, 2011 Diamond, 2013). Research on the impacts of cognitive training on cognition and brain systems has long been of great interest to cognitive neuroscientists over the last decades. Implications for future research are provided. Still, caution is needed when extend the conclusions to a more general situation. Some of the neural changes can explain the training-induced cognitive enhancements. Besides, the training can result in functional and anatomical neural changes that are largely located within the frontal-parietal and occipital-temporal brain regions. Taken together, our review of the existing literature suggests that AMC training has the potential to enhance various cognitive skills including mathematics, working memory and numerical magnitude processing. Here, findings from previous behavioral and neuroimaging studies about AMC experts as well as children and adults receiving AMC training are reviewed and discussed. This review study aims to provide an updated overview of important findings in this fast-growing research field.
Due to this extraordinary calculation ability in AMC users, there is an expanding literature investigating the effects of AMC training on cognition and brain systems. Skilled abacus users, who have acquired the ability of abacus-based mental calculation (AMC), can perform fast and accurate calculations by manipulating an imaginary abacus in mind.
Abacus, which represents numbers via a visuospatial format, is a traditional device to facilitate arithmetic operations.
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